Homeopathy and high dilutions in the context of water structure research: the experience in the 9thWorld Water Forum ­2022

Water plays a vital role in adapting natural and human systems in a climate change scenario. Understandinghow this fundamental element of life is organized and functioning is essentialtogather, disseminate, and advanceknowledge about water at the micro and nanostructure level. With developments in the different research areas, the International Panel on Water Structure­IPWS was created during the 8thWorld Water Forum(WWF)inBrasília,2018,to connect researchersspecialized inwater structure under aninterdisciplinary perspective.In 2020 a partnership between CIRAT ­International Center on Water and Transdisciplinarityand WATER­a Multidisciplinary Research Journalhasbegun, intendedto organize a special edition on Water and Transdisciplinarityto be launched during the 9thWWF, in Dakar, on March 24th, 2022, in response to the challenges of our century, with the aim to disclose advanced knowledge about water at different structural levels, leading to a new understanding of it.The whole project was organized by Prof. Leoni Bonamin, from UniversityPaulista, with the support of the Editor-in-Chief Prof. Gerald Pollack, from Washington University at Seattle. The focus was on the cross-over of information with technical quality and bold thinking, as shown in Figure 1 below.Homeopathy wasincludedamong the themes.Aftera multi-step process, in which manuscripts were received (after personal invitationssent to more than 200 researchers in the field)andevaluated in a two-step peer review processto ensure maximum scientific understanding, the result showed a set of innovative contributions in which authors were allowed to be bold in their projects while careful with the methodology. Theentire process was carried out voluntarily by all the actors involved.Thus, the whole editorial process was philanthropic, there were no costs for the authors, and all articles were published as open access. Authors from five countries participated in this project: Brazil, India, Italy, Russia, and the United States. Different sessions were organized according to the topics: "Opinion Article," "Hypotheses," "Water Structure," "High Dilutions," "Water and Environment," and "New Devices."Fiveof twelve articles reported results on high dilutions, including its physicochemical propertiesandthe implications on biological systems, such as plants and aquatic animals [1-4]. This initiative inspired all to envision the possibility of offering practical solutions to old problems involving different ways of water management, which couldreduce social gaps and improve the quality of life fairly and universally.

Research progress on pharmacological effects and mechanisms of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis based on aging hypotheses / 中草药

Baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, and wogonin are major flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis, which have been reported to possess various pharmacological effects such as anti-oxidation, immunomodulation, mitochondrial protection, telomerase inhibition, and anti-inflammatory activities. Recently, researches on their anti-aging activity have also gradually increased. Therefore, combining with kinds of aging hypotheses, e.g. the free radical aging hypothesis, immunosenescence aging hypothesis, spleen-kidney aging hypothesis of Chinese medicine, the mitochondrial aging hypothesis, the telomere hypothesis of cellular aging, inflamm-aging, we focus on the related pharmacological properties and mechanisms of these four flavonoids and make a review, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the anti-aging research of flavonoids in S. baicalensis.

Human memory research: Current hypotheses and new perspectives / Pesquisa em memória humana: Hipóteses atuais e novas perspectivas / Investigación en la memoria humana: Hipótesis actuales y nuevas perspectivas

Research on human memory has increased significantly in the last few decades. Inconsistencies and controversies inherent to such research, however, are rarely articulated on published reports. The goal of the present article is to present and discuss a series of open questions related to major topics on human memory research that can be addressed by future research. The topics covered here are visual working memory, recognition memory, emotion and memory interaction, and methodological issues of false memories studies. Overall, the present work reveals a series of open questions and alternative analysis which could be useful for the process of hypothesis generation, and consequently for the design and implementation of future research on human memory.

A pesquisa em memória humana aumentou significativamente nas últimas décadas. Inconsistências e controvérsias inerentes a pesquisas com este foco, entretanto, são raramente articuladas nas publicações especializadas. O objetivo do presente artigo é apresentar e discutir uma série de questões abertas relacionadas aos principais tópicos de pesquisa em memória humana, e que podem vir a ser abordados por pesquisas futuras. Os tópicos abordados no presente estudo são memória operacional visual, memória de reconhecimento, interação entre emoção e memórias e aspectos metodológicos do estudo de falsas memórias. De forma geral, o presente trabalho revela uma série de questões em aberto e análises alternativas que podem ser úteis para o processo de geração de hipóteses, e consequentemente para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas futuras sobre a memória humana.

La investigación en la memoria humana ha aumentado significativamente en las últimas décadas. Las inconsistencias y controversias inherentes a la investigación con este enfoque, sin embargo, rara vez se articulan en publicaciones especializadas. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar y discutir una serie de cuestiones abiertas relacionadas con los temas principales de la investigación en la memoria humana, y que pueden ser abordados por investigaciones futuras. Los temas tratados en este estudio son la memoria de trabajo visual, la memoria de reconocimiento, la interacción entre la emoción y las memorias y los aspectos metodológicos del estudio de las falsas memorias. En general, este estudio revela una serie de cuestiones abiertas y alternativas de análisis que pueden ser útiles para el proceso de generación de hipótesis, y en consecuencia para el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones sobre la memoria humana.

Os processos psíquicos no interior dos grupos de trabalho: para além de Bion e Pichon-Rivière / Les processus psychiques au sein des groupes de travail, au-delà de Bion et Pichon-Rivière / Psychic processes within work groups: beyond Bion and Pichon-Rivière

Este artigo visa explorar os processos psíquicos no interior dos grupos de trabalho. Partindo das pesquisas pioneiras do psicanalista inglês Bion e do psicanalista argentino Pichon-Rivière, o autor mostra que as ansiedades subjacentes à realização da tarefa, descritas por esses autores, não têm necessariamente um caráter geral, na medida em que elas foram observadas principalmente em grupos de formação e de terapia. Daí vem sua proposição de fenômenos inconscientes complementares, desde que a tarefa apresente uma dimensão operatória e que o grupo de trabalho esteja inserido em um contexto organizacional. Na última parte, são detalhadas as capacidades psicológicas individuais requeridas pelo trabalho em grupo e as perspectivas, em termos de formação e de intervenção, que sua abordagem implica...

Cet article vise à explorer les processus psychiques au sein des groupes de travail. En partant des recherches pionnières du psychanalyste anglais Bion et du psychanalyste argentin Pichon-Rivière, l'auteur montre que les anxiétés sous-jacentes à la réalisation de la tâche décrites par ces auteurs n'ont pas nécessairement un caractère général dans la mesure où elles ont été observées principalement dans des groupes de formation et de thérapie. D'où sa proposition de phénomènes inconscients complémentaires dès lors que la tâche présente une dimension opératoire et que le groupe de travail est inséré dans un contexte organisationnel. Dans une dernière partie, l'auteur détaille les capacités psychologiques individuelles sollicitées par le travail en groupe et les perspectives, en termes de formation et d'intervention, que son approche implique...

This article aims at exploring psychic processes within work groups. Starting from the pioneering research of the British psychoanalyst Bion and the Argentinean one Pichon-Rivière, the author shows that the anxieties which exists below the surface of the task realization described by these two authors can't be generalized as they have been mainly within training and therapy groups. Therefore his proposal of other and complementary unconscious phenomena when the task is an operational one and when the work group is part of an organization. In a last chapter, the author describes the individual psychological skills necessary to be able to contribute effectively to a group work and the possible consequences in terms of training and intervention...

Size, age and composition: characteristics of plant taxa as diversity predictors of gall-midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the diversity of gall-midge insects (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), some of them taking into account plant diversity. This study aims to test the importance of size, age and composition of host plant taxa in the diversity of Cecidomyiidae. For this we used inventories data on the diversity of galling and host plants in Brazil. We found that Asterales, Myrtales and Malpighiales, were the most important orders, with 34, 33 and 25, gall morphotypes, respectively. The most representative host families were Asteraceae (34 morphotypes), Myrtaceae (23) and Fabaceae (22). In general, the order size and the plant family were good predictors of the galling diversity, but not the taxon age. The most diverse host genera for gall-midges were Mikania, Eugenia and Styrax, with 15, 13 and nine galler species, respectively. The size of plant genera showed no significant relationship with the richness of Cecidomyiidae, contrary to the prediction of the plant taxon size hypothesis. The plant genera with the greatest diversity of galling insects are not necessarily those with the greatest number of species. These results indicate that some plant taxa have a high intrinsic richness of galling insects, suggesting that the plant species composition may be equally or more important for the diversity of gall-midges than the size or age of the host taxon. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1599- 1607. Epub 2011 December 01.

Muchas hipótesis se han propuesto para explicar la diversidad de dipteros de la familia Cecidomyiidae, algunos de ellos teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de las plantas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo probar la importancia del tamaño, la edad y la composición de las plantas en la diversidad de Cecidomyiidae, a través de los inventarios de las agallas y las plantas hospederas, en Brasil. Asterales, Malpighiales y Myrtales fueron los órdenes más importantes, con 34, 33 y 25 tipos de agallas, respectivamente. Las familias más importantes fueron Asteraceae (34 morfotipos), Myrtaceae (23) y Fabaceae (22). En general, el tamaño de los órdenes y las familias de las plantas es un buen predictor de la diversidad de insectos de agallas, pero no de la edad de la taxon. Los géneros más diversos fueron Mikania, Eugenia y Styrax, con 15, 13 y nueve especies con agallas, respectivamente. El tamaño de los géneros no mostró relación significativa con la riqueza de Cecidomyiidae, lo que contradice la hipótesis del tamaño de los táxones de plantas. Los géneros de plantas más diversos en insectos inductores de agallas no son necesariamente los que tienen el mayor número de especies. Estos resultados indican que algunos táxones de plantas tienen una alta riqueza intrínseca de insectos agalleros, lo que sugiere que la composición de especies de plantas pueden ser igualmente o más importante para la diversidad de los cecidomyiideos agalleros que el tamaño o la edad del taxón.

A Case of Endoscopically Diagnosed Gastric Cancer with Metastasis to Thyroid and Breast / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Metastatic malignant tumors involving the thyroid gland are not as unusual as was once believed. They may in fact be more common than primary cancer of the thyroid, especially if careful screening is performed at autopsy. The origins of primary neoplasms that metasta size to the thyoid are myriad, but reports obviously indicate predminantly cancers of the kidney, breast, and lung and malignant melanoma. Occasienally, metastatic lesions from several gastrointestinal neoplasms such as colo-retal and esophageal carcinoma are seen, but metastasis from gastric cancer is very rare. We have seen one case of thyroid cancer metastasized from the stomach cancer. It simultaneously spread to the breast also and confirmed with gastrofiberscopic biopsy, fine needle aspiration cytology of the thyroid and excisonal biopsy of the breast. We report this case with reriew of literature.